| Homemade Marshmallows: Lightly butter, or spray
            with a non stick vegetable spray, the bottom of a 13x9x2-inch
            (33x23x5-cm) baking
            pan. Line the bottom of the pan with parchment paper. Then sift
            about 1/4 cup (30 grams) of confectioners (powdered or icing) sugar onto
            the bottom of the pan (this will help release the set marshmallow
            from the paper). 
            Next, place 1/2 cup (120 ml/grams)
            cold filtered water into the bowl of your 
            
            
            electric stand mixer that is fitted with
            a whisk attachment (or with a hand mixer). Sprinkle the gelatin over the water and let stand
            until gelatin softens, about 10 minutes. Meanwhile, in a heavy two quart
            (2 liter) saucepan, place the sugar, corn syrup, salt, and remaining 1/2 cup
            (120 ml/grams) cold water. Stir over medium heat until sugar dissolves and
            the mixture comes to a boil. Cover the saucepan with a lid and let
            boil for about 1-2 minutes to allow any sugar crystals to dissolve
            from the sides of the saucepan. Remove the lid and attach a 
            
            candy thermometer to the side of the pan. Increase heat to medium high and
            boil, without stirring, until the syrup reaches 240 degrees F (115
            degrees C) (this will take about 10 minutes).
            Remove from heat. With the mixer running at
            low speed, slowly pour the hot syrup into the gelatin mixture in a thin
            stream down the side of the bowl. Gradually increase the speed to
            high and beat until the mixture has tripled in volume and is very thick
            and stiff, about 10 minutes (looks like thick marshmallow cream).
            Add the vanilla extract and beat to combine. Scrape the marshmallow
            mixture into the prepared pan and spread with a damp offset
            spatula or rubber spatula. The mixture is very sticky so just smooth
            it out as best as you can. Dust the top of the marshmallow with
            another 1/4 cup (30 grams) of confectioners sugar and let stand, uncovered, at room
            temperature until set, about 8 hours. Remove the
            marshmallow from the pan by first running a small sharp knife
            around the edge of the marshmallow to loosen it from the pan. Invert
            the pan onto a large cutting board that has been dusted with
            confectioners sugar. Peel off the parchment paper (the marshmallow
            will be sticky) and dust the top of the marshmallow with
            confectioners sugar. Cut the marshmallow into small bite-sized
            cubes using clean kitchen scissors, 
            
            a pizza roller,
            or a sharp knife. Dip the cut sides of the marshmallows in
            additional confectioners sugar. Shake off excess sugar. You will
            need 6 cups (450 grams) of miniature marshmallows. The marshmallows can be stored in an airtight container, at room
            temperature, for up to two weeks. Peanut Butter
            Marshmallow Bars: Line the bottom and sides of a 9 inch (23 cm)
            square baking pan with parchment paper or wax paper. Place the 6 cups (450 grams)
            miniature homemade marshmallows in a large bowl.  In a 
            
            stainless steel
            bowl, placed over a saucepan of simmering water, melt the butter,
            peanut butter, and butterscotch chips until smooth. Remove from heat
            and let cool until tepid. Then pour over the marshmallows and
            gently fold, using a spatula or large spoon, until all the
            marshmallows are coated with the peanut butter mixture. Pour into
            the prepared pan and smooth the top. Can decorate the top with candy
            sprinkles. Place in the refrigerator until
            firm (about one hour).  Remove the bars from
            the pan using the parchment paper. Use a large knife to cut into
            bars. The Peanut Butter Bars can be covered and stored in the
            refrigerator for about two weeks or they can be frozen for two
            months. Makes about 27 - 1 x
            3 inch (2.5 x 7.5 cm) Bars.  |